| Title | Effect of Temperature on the Development and Longevity of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) |
| Publication Type | Journal Papers |
| Year of Publication | 2009 |
| Authors | Varikou K., Tsitsipis I., Alexandrakis V., & Hoddle M. |
| Journal | Annals of the Entmological Society of America |
| Volume | 102 |
| Pagination | 835-841 |
| ISSN | |
| URL | https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/102/5/835/89680?login=true |
| DOI | 10.1603/008.102.0510 |
| Citation Key | |
| Keywords | Pezothrips kellyanus, citrus, developmental time, temperature thresholds, thermal requirements |
| Abstract | The developmental biology and adult longevity of Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall)
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on lemon (Citrus limon L.) leaves was studied at Þve constant temperatures
(15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, and 35C) under laboratory conditions. Developmental time and adult
longevity were inversely related to temperature. The developmental time from egg to adult ranged
from 10.1 d at 32.5C to 40.3 d at 15C. Adult thrips lived from 5.3 d at 35C to 45.9 d at 15C and females
tended to live signiÞcantly longer than males at these two extreme temperatures. No signiÞcant
differences were found in developmental times between male and female immature stages of P.
kellyanus within each tested temperature regime. The highest larval to adult survival (80.6%) was
found at 25C and the lowest (50%) at 32.5C. No larvae hatched from eggs incubated at 35C. Both
linear and nonlinear models adequately described the relationship between temperature and developmental
rates for immature stages of P. kellyanus. Thus, thrips required 204.5 degree-days to complete
development from egg to adult stage, above a minimum threshold of 10.2C as estimated by linear
regression. The temperature thresholds for all immature stages except for pupae of P. kellyanus,
estimated by the linear model were similar to values that were estimated by the nonlinear model. The
predicted upper lethal temperature was 33.12C, with a minimum threshold for total development
occurring at 10C, as estimated by nonlinear model. The importance of the results in the management
of this species through the prediction of its seasonal appearance and population levels are discussed. |
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